Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023):2713-2723

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-19

Photoreforming of Glycerol Catalyzed by CuO/TiO₂ Supported on Hydroxyapatite

(Pembentukan Semula Gliserol Pemangkin oleh Cuo/Tio₂ Disokong pada Hidroksiapatit)

DAMRONG ADAM¹, NETNAPID ONGSUWAN², & SAOWAPA CHOTISUWAN^1,*

¹Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Rusamilae, Pattani, Thailand

²Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Rusamilae, Pattani, Thailand

Received: 23 March 2023/Accepted: 15 August 2023

Abstract

Waste bovine bones can be used as a source to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is a good organic adsorbent and used as a support material for metal oxide photocatalysts. In this work, HAp powders were prepared from calcination of bovine bones at 900 °C for 2 h and used as supporting material for a TiO₂ photocatalyst incorporating CuO. The hexagonal HAp particles were characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 50 wt% TiO₂ and 1 wt% CuO/TiO₂ supported on HAp photocatalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and finally calcined at 450 °C for 4 h. The synthesized HAp and catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET surface area analysis, SEM, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was performed by photoreforming of glycerol at room temperature using 100 mL of 0.5 M glycerol solution under nitrogen atmosphere, irradiating with low-light intensity 20 W Mercury UV lamp for 7 h. The gaseous products catalyzed by the synthesized catalysts were analyzed using a gas chromatograph. The maximum hydrogen gas production from photoreforming of glycerol at this condition was obtained at 513.7 mmol g_cat^–1 without carbon dioxide detection after catalyzing by CuO/TiO₂/HAp catalyst.

Keywords: Glycerol; hydroxyapatite; photoreforming; titania

ABSTRAK

Sisa tulang lembu boleh digunakan sebagai sumber untuk menghasilkan hidroksiapatit (HAp), yang merupakan penyerap organik yang baik dan digunakan sebagai bahan sokongan untuk fotokatalis oksida logam.  Dalam kertas ini, serbuk HAp disediakan daripada kalsinasi tulang lembu pada suhu 900 °C selama 2 jam dan digunakan sebagai bahan sokongan untuk fotokatalis TiO₂ yang menggabungkan CuO. Zarah HAp heksagon dicirikan menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah Fourier berubah (FTIR), pembelahan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM). 50 wt% TiO₂ dan 1 wt% CuO/TiO₂ yang disokong pada fotokatalis HAp disintesis oleh kaedah pemendakan bersama dan akhirnya dikalsinasi pada 450 °C untuk 4 jam.  HAp dan pemangkin yang disintesis dicirikan oleh FTIR, XRD, ANALISIS kawasan permukaan BET, SEM dan mikroskop elektron penghantaran (TEM). Prestasi fotokatalisis pemangkin yang disintesis dilakukan dengan pembentukan semula foto gliserol pada suhu bilik menggunakan 100 mL 0.5 M. Penyelesaian gliserol di bawah atmosfera nitrogen, mengairi dengan keamatan cahaya rendah 20 W Mercury UV lampu untuk 7 jam. Produk gas yang pemangkin oleh pemangkin yang disintesis telah dianalisis menggunakan kromatograf gas. Pengeluaran gas hidrogen maksimum daripada pembentukan semula gliserol dalam keadaan ini diperoleh pada 513.7 mmol gcat^-1 tanpa pengesanan karbon dioksida selepas pemangkin oleh pemangkin CuO/TiO₂/HAp.

Kata kunci: Gliserol; hidroksiapatit; pembentukan semula; titania

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*Corresponding author; email: saowapa.c@psu.ac.th